ABSTRACT
Hemogregarinas são endoparasitos intraeritrocitários de uma grande variedade de vertebrados. Suaidentificação tem sido baseada principalmente em descrições morfológicas e morfométricas. Nestetrabalho, descreve-se a morfologia e morfometria de uma hemogregarina encontrada naturalmente infectando Rhodnius brethesi. Realizaram-se pesquisas parasitológicas na hemolinfa, no conteúdo intestinal e nas glândulas salivares de 174 R. brethesi selvagens. As descrições foram feitas com base em fotomicrografias digitais. As variáveis foram: morfologia externa, presença ou ausência de cápsula, comprimento, largura e número de esporozoítas em cada esporocisto; no caso dosesporozoítas, também foram analisados comprimento e largura nuclear, formato e posição do núcleo e presença ou ausência de pigmentos citoplasmáticos. Foram descritos oocistos, esporoblastos,esporocistos e esporozoítas de uma hemogregarina. Uma ninfa de R. brethesi de quarto estádio estava infectada simultaneamente por T. rangeli e hemogregarina. As características morfométricasobservadas nestes parasitos indicam que possivelmente se trata de uma nova hemogregarina ainda não relatada para este triatomíneo. A identificação do sangue de répteis como origem do repasto sanguíneo de R. brethesi, associada à grande presença do geconídeo Thecadactylus rapicaudaHouttuyn no ecótopo deste triatomíneo, sugere que este réptil seja o possível hospedeiro definitivo desta hemogregarina.
Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Rhodnius/anatomy & histology , Triatominae/classification , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
In the present paper we describe the diversity of phlebotomine sandflies collected in three sandstone caves in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The phlebotomines were captured during 2006 with CDC light traps. Guano samples from inside the Gruta Refúgio do Maruaga were collected to investigate the presence of immature specimens. A total of 2,160 adult phlebotomines representing 15 species were captured. Pintomyia pacae was the dominant species in Gruta dos Animais (1,723 specimens) and Gruta dos Lages (50 specimens) and Deanemyia maruaga new comb (280 specimens) was the dominant species in Gruta Refúgio do Maruaga. A total of 18 guano samples were collected and seven of these samples included immature specimens. A total of 507 immature specimens were captured; 495 of these specimens were larvae and 12 were pupae. The presence of paca (Agouti paca) footprints near Gruta dos Animais and Gruta dos Lages suggests the association of Pi. pacae with this rodent. This finding may explain the abundance of Pi. pacae in these locations, while the species is relatively rare in the forest. Deanemyia maruaga is a cave species that uses guano to breed during its immature stages. Adult specimens of this species are apparently parthenogenetic and autogenous and represent the second record of parthenogenesis for the subfamily Phlebotominae.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Biodiversity , Insect Vectors , Psychodidae , Brazil , Population DensityABSTRACT
The Amazon forest is being exploited for timber production. The harvest removes trees, used by sand flies as resting sites, and decreases the canopy, used as refuges by some hosts. The present study evaluated the impact of the timber harvest, the abundance of sand flies, and their trypanosomatid infection rates before and after selective logging. The study was accomplished in terra-firme production forest in an area of timber harvest, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Sand fly catches were carried out in three areas: one before and after the timber harvest, and two control areas, a nature preservation area and a previously exploited area. The flies were caught by aspiration on tree trunks. Samples of sand flies were dissected for parasitological examination. In the site that suffered a harvest, a larger number of individuals was caught before the selective extraction of timber, showing significant difference in relation to the number of individuals and their flagellate infection rates after the logging. The other two areas did not show differences among their sand fly populations. This fact is suggestive of a fauna sensitive to the environmental alterations associated with selective logging.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Forestry , Insect Vectors/classification , Psychodidae/classification , Trees , Brazil , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Population Density , Prevalence , Psychodidae/parasitologyABSTRACT
Third-five species of Lutzomyia and two species of Brumptomyia were identified among 795 phlebotomines taken in light-traps near the upper reaches of the middle Rio Negro. The subgenus Psychodopygus predominanted in number of species (11) and relative abundance (74-81 per cent in light trap samples from the forest and 99 per cent on human bait). For many of the species these records help to fill large gaps on current maps of distribution, and for others (L. olmeca nociva, L. mangabeirana, L. triacantha) the findings represent a significant expansion of their known range. A new species in the subgenus Psychodopygus (L. douradoi) is described from both sexes, and L. bettini is recorded for the first time in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Phlebotomus/anatomy & histology , Psychodidae/anatomy & histology , BrazilABSTRACT
Fifty-two species of Lutzomyia sand flies were identified in contemporaneous samples totalling only 1875 individuals, collected at the same site in tall primary terra-firme rainforest, near the south bank of the Solimoes River. The most abundant species belonged to the subgenera Trichophoromyia and Nyssomyia. The subgenera Psathyromyia, Nyssomyia and Psychodopygus represented the greatest number of species. A new, aberrant species of the subgenus Psathyromyia (L. cutellata) and the female of Lu. souzacastroi are described. The Phlebotominae are proposed as a suitable indicator group for biogeographic and diversity studies.